The pitch of guitar string is a function of its length and mass, and they are tuned to something like 100 hz (don't know actual numbers). It's not likely that wheel spokes are all the same length and mass such that a tuner would work, and it's further not likely that their pitch would translate to something in the tunable-by-guitar-tuner pitch range. I think a tiny amount of tension increase = a huge amount of tension increase. Try tuning your high E string up to an C and tell me you don't turn away and close your eyes before you get there.
I think the fuss over spokes is much ado about nothing. Over-tightening spokes breaks them, or pulls the rim out of true. Loose spoke back out of their nipples and flap around until destruction. Just make sure you don't have any loose ones. If you can turn the nipples with your fingers, or the spoke feels floppy, it's probably too loose. If you tune it up to an E, it'll probably break or screw up your rim.